NASA

This astronaut visited the International Space Station.

ISS Visitor

This astronaut crossed the Kármán Line (100 km), the internationally accepted boundary of space.

Crossed Kármán Line

This astronaut has spent over a month in space.

Space Resident

Kathleen Rubins was selected by NASA in 2009. Rubins completed her first spaceflight on Expedition 48/49, where she became the first person to sequence DNA in space. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Molecular Biology from the University of California and a Ph.D. in Cancer Biology from Stanford University Medical School Biochemistry Department and Microbiology and Immunology Department. Dr. Rubins conducted her undergraduate research on HIV-1 integration in the Infectious Diseases Laboratory at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. She worked as a Fellow/Principal Investigator at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and headed 14 researchers studying viral diseases that primarily affect Central and West Africa. Rubins served aboard the International Space Station as flight engineer on Expedition 63/64, returning in April 2021. Across her two long-duration spaceflights, she has four spacewalks and a total of 300 days in space. Rubins retired from NASA on July 28, 2025, after 16 years with the agency. Courtesy of NASA.

Soyuz MS-17

Soyuz MS-17 ferried three international crew members to the Space Station, two Russians and one American. This was the first of two flights to expand the Station's permanent crew size to seven people.

Soyuz is a human-carrying capsule built and operated by Russia, capable of transporting up to three people to the Space Station at a time. It has been upgraded numerous times since its first use in the 1960s for the Soviet lunar program and was the only crewed vehicle for the Station from 2011 to 2020.

Soyuz

Soyuz MS-01

Soyuz MS-01 took three members of the Expedition 48 crew to the International Space Station.  This was first flight of the Soyuz MS variant.

Kathleen Rubins

United States of America

Expedition 64 ISS Quest EVA 5

Expedition 48 ISS Quest EVA 1

Expedition 64 ISS Quest EVA 4

Expedition 48 ISS Quest EVA 2

Roscosmos

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total time in space.

Elite Spaceflyer

Soyuz MS-16

Soyuz MS-16 brought two Russians and an American to the International Space Station. Originally, a Japanese astronaut was supposed to fly but was replaced with an American due to continued delays to the start of the Commercial Crew Program for NASA. After 9 years as the only craft capable of launching people to (and bringing them back from) the ISS, this mission marked the Soyuz's last flight in that role. Six weeks after this flight began, SpaceX launched its first crewed mission to the ISS, once again giving the outpost two vehicles capable of launching and landing humans.

Soyuz TMA-22

Soyuz TMA-22 ferried three members of the Expedition 29 crew to the International Space Station. This was the final flight of the Soyuz TMA variant and the first launch in a nearly nine-year period when Russia was the only nation capable of taking crew to the ISS.

Anatoli Ivanishin

Russia

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

SpaceX

SpaceX Crew-10

Japan

SpaceX flew NASA astronauts, a JAXA astronaut, and a Russian cosmonaut to the International Space Station aboard Dragon.

Crew Dragon is the first privately built and operated orbital spacecraft capable of flying humans. As a reusable SpaceX capsule, it transports crew members to and from the International Space Station. It will also carry paying customers to the Station and low Earth orbit. While it typically accommodates a crew of four, this number can vary depending on the mission.

Crew Dragon

Takuya Onishi

Soyuz MS-27

Roscosmos launched two Russian cosmonauts and a NASA astronaut to the Rassvet module of the International Space Station.

Soyuz MS-02

Soyuz MS-02 took three members of the Expedition 49 crew to the International Space Station.

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